Question

version (type of dna mutation) mutation’s effect on the dna change to the protein’s structure function of the protein none no mutation no change normal missense one base pair is altered protein folds differently reduced function silent one base pair is altered no change normal deletion multiple base pairs are missing part of the protein is missing nonfunctional based on the data, which statement best explains the relationship between the structure of dna and the structure and function of proteins? a. changes to dna are harmful and affect both protein structure and function. b. dna mutations that result in a change in the protein’s function also involve a change in the protein’s structure. c. most changes to dna are harmless and do not affect protein structure or function. d. proteins with normal structure and function require that there are no mutations in the dna.

Explanation:

• Option A: Silent mutation (DNA change) has no protein structure/function change, so "all changes are harmful" is wrong.
• Option B: Missense (protein function reduced, structure changed) and Deletion (protein nonfunctional, structure changed) support that function - changing mutations involve structure change. Silent mutation (no function/structure change) also aligns.
• Option C: Deletion mutation is harmful, so "most changes are harmless" is incorrect.
• Option D: Silent mutation has DNA change but normal protein structure/function, so this is wrong.

Answer:

B. DNA mutations that result in a change in the protein’s function also involve a change in the protein’s structure.