Question

using a red pen, put in the commas so the sentences make sense:
a the lady put her seat belt on a little bit annoyed with her son.
b the children sat down in their chairs silently watching their teacher.
c quickly take the plate from that child.
d he rolled on the mat his legs tucked under him and his hands stretched
e if you cant stop complaining go to your room.

Explanation:

Analyze sentence a

Using the Comma Rules and Participial Phrases knowledge points
The phrase "a little bit annoyed with her son" is a participial phrase describing "The lady". Because it is separated from the noun it modifies by "put her seat belt on", a comma is needed to prevent misreading and set off this modifying phrase.

• Unpunctuated: "The lady put her seat belt on a little bit annoyed with her son."
• Punctuated: "The lady put her seat belt on, a little bit annoyed with her son."

Analyze sentence b

Using the Participial Phrases knowledge point
The phrase "silently watching their teacher" is a present participial phrase modifying "The children". It functions as an adverbial adjunct describing their state while sitting. A comma is required to set off this non-essential participial phrase at the end of the clause.

• Unpunctuated: "The children sat down in their chairs silently watching their teacher."
• Punctuated: "The children sat down in their chairs, silently watching their teacher."

Analyze sentence c

Using the Comma Rules knowledge point
The word "Quickly" is an introductory adverb. While short introductory adverbs do not always strictly require a comma, placing a comma here emphasizes the manner and creates a pause to make the command clear.

• Unpunctuated: "Quickly take the plate from that child."
• Punctuated: "Quickly, take the plate from that child."

Analyze sentence d

Using the Absolute Phrases knowledge point
The phrase "his legs tucked under him and his hands stretched" consists of two absolute phrases ("his legs tucked under him" and "his hands stretched [out]") that modify the entire main clause "He rolled on to the mat". Absolute phrases must be set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma.

• Unpunctuated: "He rolled on to the mat his legs tucked under him and his hands stretched"
• Punctuated: "He rolled on to the mat, his legs tucked under him and his hands stretched."

Analyze sentence e

Using the Adverbial Clauses knowledge point
The clause "If you can't stop complaining" is an introductory dependent adverbial clause. When an adverbial clause starts a sentence, it must be followed by a comma before the main independent clause.

• Unpunctuated: "If you can't stop complaining go to your room."
• Punctuated: "If you can't stop complaining, go to your room."

Answer:

Question a

The lady put her seat belt on, a little bit annoyed with her son.

Question b

The children sat down in their chairs, silently watching their teacher.

Question c

Quickly, take the plate from that child.

Question d

He rolled on to the mat, his legs tucked under him and his hands stretched.

Question e

If you can't stop complaining, go to your room.