Question

4.2 understanding cells: comparing plant and animal cells
exercise 15
write check marks in the correct box in the chart below to show whether the cell part is found in an animal cell, a plant cell, or both. then describe the job each part does.
critical thinking
on a separate sheet of paper, explain what the following equation means.
food molecule + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide

Explanation:

1. Cell membrane: Present in both. Controls what enters and exits the cell.
2. Nucleus: Present in both. Controls cell activities and contains DNA.
3. Chlorophyll: Present in plant cells. Captures light energy for photosynthesis.
4. Cytoplasm: Present in both. Holds organelles and is site of many chemical reactions.
5. Mitochondria: Present in both. Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
6. Vacuoles: Present in both (larger in plant cells). Stores substances like water, nutrients, and waste.
7. Chloroplasts: Present in plant cells. Site of photosynthesis (converts light energy to chemical energy).
8. Cell wall: Present in plant cells. Provides structure, support, and protection.

For the equation "FOOD MOLECULE + OXYGEN = ENERGY + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE", it represents the process of cellular respiration. In this process, cells break down food molecules (usually glucose) in the presence of oxygen to release energy (in the form of ATP), along with water and carbon dioxide as by - products.

Answer:

1. Cell membrane: Both; Controls entry and exit of substances.
2. Nucleus: Both; Controls cell activities, holds DNA.
3. Chlorophyll: Plant; Captures light for photosynthesis.
4. Cytoplasm: Both; Holds organelles, site of reactions.
5. Mitochondria: Both; Produces energy (ATP).
6. Vacuoles: Both; Stores substances (larger in plant).
7. Chloroplasts: Plant; Site of photosynthesis.
8. Cell wall: Plant; Provides structure and protection.

Equation: Represents cellular respiration (energy production from food and oxygen).