uncommon schools | change history.
name london date: 12/8/2025
7th health: different substances effects l1 advisory:
homework: understanding drug addiction and its effects
directions: answer the following questions based on the work in today’s class.
1. what neurotransmitter is released in large amounts when someone takes drugs, and where in the brain does this occur?
a. serotonin; prefrontal cortex
b. dopamine; basal ganglia
c. acetylcholine; extended amygdala
d. gaba; brain stem
2. explain why quitting drugs is hard, even when someone wants to stop.

3. what is addiction and what causes it according to the text?

Question

uncommon schools | change history.
name london date: 12/8/2025
7th health: different substances effects l1 advisory:
homework: understanding drug addiction and its effects
directions: answer the following questions based on the work in today’s class.
1. what neurotransmitter is released in large amounts when someone takes drugs, and where in the brain does this occur?
a. serotonin; prefrontal cortex
b. dopamine; basal ganglia
c. acetylcholine; extended amygdala
d. gaba; brain stem
2. explain why quitting drugs is hard, even when someone wants to stop.

3. what is addiction and what causes it according to the text?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
To answer this, we recall the neurobiology of drug use. Drugs often cause a surge of dopamine, especially in the basal ganglia (reward pathway). Serotonin is related to mood but not the main drug - induced surge here. Acetylcholine is for muscle and memory, not drug reward. GABA is inhibitory, not the key here. So option B matches.
# Answer:
B. Dopamine; basal ganglia

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Quitting drugs is hard due to multiple factors. Physically, the body becomes dependent (withdrawal symptoms like nausea, pain). Psychologically, the brain's reward system is hijacked: drugs over - stimulate dopamine release, so the brain adjusts (reduces natural dopamine or receptors). This makes normal activities less rewarding, and the person craves the drug to feel good. Also, environmental triggers (people, places associated with drug use) can cause intense cravings.
# Answer:
Quitting drugs is hard because: 1. Physical dependence: The body adapts to drug presence, so withdrawal (nausea, pain, anxiety) occurs without it. 2. Psychological dependence: Drugs over - activate the brain's reward system (dopamine in basal ganglia). The brain then changes (e.g., fewer dopamine receptors), making normal life less rewarding. So the person craves drugs to feel pleasure. 3. Environmental triggers (people, places linked to drug use) also spark strong cravings.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder where a person can't stop using a substance despite harm. Causes include: Neurobiological - drugs alter brain chemistry (dopamine - related reward, decision - making, and self - control circuits). Psychological - stress, mental health issues (anxiety, depression) may drive drug use. Social - peer pressure, lack of support, or being in environments with easy drug access. Also, repeated drug use rewires the brain, making quitting hard as the brain prioritizes drug - seeking over other needs.
# Answer:
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing condition where a person continues using a substance (or engaging in a behavior) despite negative consequences. Causes: Neurobiological - Drugs change brain chemistry (e.g., over - activating dopamine - driven reward systems, damaging decision - making/self - control areas). Psychological - Mental health issues (anxiety, depression) or stress may lead to drug use as a coping mechanism. Social - Peer pressure, lack of positive support, or environments with easy drug access. Repeated use also rewires the brain, prioritizing drug - seeking over health, relationships, or responsibilities.

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