Question

o₂ is unavailable: anaerobic respiration
in the absence of oxygen, a cell will go through
and a process called
there are two main types of fermentation:
lactic acid fermentation

• occurs in some and cells (like

your muscles)

• pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into and atp

alcohol fermentation

• occurs in when oxygen is available
• pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into, co₂, and

Explanation:

To solve this fill - in - the - blank about anaerobic respiration, we rely on the knowledge of cellular respiration in biology.

1. In the absence of oxygen, a cell first undergoes glycolysis (which is the initial breakdown of glucose to produce pyruvate and a small amount of ATP) and then a process called fermentation (to further process the pyruvate when oxygen is not available).
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation:

• It occurs in some bacteria and animal cells (like muscle cells).
• During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid, and no additional ATP is produced (the ATP is only from glycolysis).

1. Alcohol Fermentation:

• It occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available.
• Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into ethanol, \(CO_2\), and a small amount of ATP (but the main energy production is still from glycolysis).

Answer:

In the absence of oxygen, a cell will go through \(\boldsymbol{\text{glycolysis}}\) and a process called \(\boldsymbol{\text{fermentation}}\).

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Occurs in some \(\boldsymbol{\text{bacteria}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{animal}}\) cells (like your muscles)
• Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into \(\boldsymbol{\text{lactic acid}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{0}\) ATP

Alcohol Fermentation

• Occurs in \(\boldsymbol{\text{yeast}}\) when oxygen is \(\boldsymbol{\text{not}}\) available
• Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into \(\boldsymbol{\text{ethanol}}\), \(CO_2\), and