Question

the text argues that the central problem of the parties today is how to
appeal to moderate voters despite the parties’ ideological orientation.
win the trust of an increasingly mistrustful electorate.
keep up the appearance of diversity despite the parties’ homogeneous makeup.
attract the attention of an increasingly apathetic electorate.
mobilize voters with a declining sense of internal political efficacy.

the libertarian and socialist parties in the united states are examples of
one-issue parties.
ideological parties.
economic-protest parties.
factional parties.
consensual parties.

Explanation:

First Question

To solve this, we analyze each option based on political science concepts. The central problem of parties often relates to appealing to moderate voters despite ideological stances (common in two - party systems with ideological polarization). Other options: “win the trust” focuses on trust (not central as per typical party dynamics), “keep up diversity appearance” is about party makeup (not central problem), “attract apathetic electorate” is about apathy (not the main central problem), “mobilize with declining efficacy” is about efficacy (not the central issue here). So the correct option is the one about appealing to moderate voters despite ideological orientation.

Libertarian and Socialist parties in the US are ideological parties. Ideological parties are based on a set of comprehensive ideological beliefs (Libertarianism and Socialism are ideological frameworks). One - issue parties focus on a single issue, economic - protest parties are about economic grievances, factional parties are splits from major parties, and consensual parties don't fit. So the correct option is ideological parties.

Answer:

A. appeal to moderate voters despite the parties’ ideological orientation.

Second Question