4.3.3 test (cst): wrap-up: the influence of science and technology
there is a similar story from iceland. when the island was first settled by the norse around 870, its light volcanic soils presented colonists with unfamiliar challenges. they proceeded to cut down trees and stock sheep as if they were still in norway, with its robust soils. significant erosion ensued, carrying half of icelands topsoil into the ocean within a century or two.
what common theme of green literature is most strongly evident in both passages?

a. of all the myriad impressive forces of nature, water and gravity may be the most destructive.

b. in order meet their goals, environmentalists must help people develop a personal desire to protect nature.

c. working against the natural tendencies of the environment leads to long-term consequences.

d. in order to thrive in coming centuries, people must find viable alternatives to fossil fuels, such as coal.

Question

4.3.3 test (cst): wrap-up: the influence of science and technology
there is a similar story from iceland. when the island was first settled by the norse around 870, its light volcanic soils presented colonists with unfamiliar challenges. they proceeded to cut down trees and stock sheep as if they were still in norway, with its robust soils. significant erosion ensued, carrying half of icelands topsoil into the ocean within a century or two.
what common theme of green literature is most strongly evident in both passages?

a. of all the myriad impressive forces of nature, water and gravity may be the most destructive.

b. in order meet their goals, environmentalists must help people develop a personal desire to protect nature.

c. working against the natural tendencies of the environment leads to long-term consequences.

d. in order to thrive in coming centuries, people must find viable alternatives to fossil fuels, such as coal.

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1. Analyze Option A: The passage focuses on human actions (cutting trees, stocking sheep) and their environmental impact, not on water and gravity as destructive forces. So A is incorrect.
2. Analyze Option B: The passage does not mention environmentalists or developing a personal desire to protect nature. It's about human actions and environmental consequences, not about environmentalist strategies. So B is incorrect.
3. Analyze Option C: The Norse colonists in Iceland acted against the natural tendencies of Iceland's environment (using practices suitable for Norway's robust soils on Iceland's light volcanic soils). This led to significant erosion (long - term consequence) within a century or two. This matches the theme of working against environmental natural tendencies leading to long - term consequences.
4. Analyze Option D: The passage has nothing to do with fossil fuels or finding alternatives to them. It's about soil erosion due to inappropriate human land use. So D is incorrect.

# Answer:
C. Working against the natural tendencies of the environment leads to long - term consequences.

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