Question

a student is quoting from page 314 of the following textbook. which in - text citation is correct?
campbell, richard, et al. media essentials: a brief introduction. bedford/st. martins, 2011.
according to campbell and colleagues, public relations helped improve standards of living after the industrial revolution by identifying and promoting the usefulness of products over homemade goods (314).
public relations helped improve standards of living after the industrial revolution by identifying and promoting the usefulness of products over homemade goods (campbell 314).
according to campbell and colleagues, public relations helped improve standards of living after the industrial revolution by identifying and promoting the usefulness of products over homemade goods.
according to campbell and colleagues, public relations helped improve standards of living after the industrial revolution by identifying and promoting the usefulness of products over homemade goods (campbell et al. 314).

Explanation:

When citing a source with multiple authors (in this case, Campbell and colleagues), the correct in - text citation format in APA style (a common citation style in academic writing, especially in fields like Media and Communication which is a sub - field of Social Science) is to use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (which means "and others" in Latin). Also, the page number should be included.

• The first option is incorrect because it does not follow the proper "et al." format for multiple authors.
• The second option is incorrect as it only uses the first author's last name without "et al." and also has an incorrect placement of the author's name (it should be in the parenthetical if the author is not mentioned in the narrative in the correct "et al." format).
• The third option is incorrect because it does not include the page number.

Answer:

According to Campbell and colleagues, public relations helped improve standards of living after the Industrial Revolution by identifying and promoting the usefulness of products over homemade goods (Campbell et al. 314).