Question

1. state one role for each of the following molecules in the process of protein synthesis. (3 marks) • dna: • mrna: • trna:

Explanation:

• DNA: It serves as the repository of genetic information. During protein synthesis, it acts as the template for transcription. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein (ultimately, after transcription to mRNA and translation).
• mRNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code (copied from DNA during transcription) from the nucleus (in eukaryotes) to the ribosomes. The ribosomes use the information on mRNA to assemble amino acids in the correct order during translation.
• tRNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA) has an anticodon region that pairs with a codon on mRNA. Each tRNA also carries a specific amino acid. It functions as an adapter molecule, bringing the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for addition to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

Answer:

• DNA: Stores genetic information and is the template for transcription.
• mRNA: Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for translation.
• tRNA: Brings specific amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons.