Question

a star exerts a stronger gravitational force on a planet than the planet exerts on the star. so the planet, which is less massive than the star, will be more significantly impacted by the stars gravitational pull. the gravitational force between a 1 m。star and a 0.5 m。star separated by a distance of 10 light - years is stronger than the gravitational force between a 1 m。star and a 0.5 m。star separated by a distance of 100 light - years. if a planet has two moons that are each 300,000 kilometers away, the gravitational force will be weaker between the planet and the more massive moon than between the planet and the less massive moon. gravity is a fundamental force between all matter in the universe.

Explanation:

Step1: Newton's Third Law

According to Newton's third law, the gravitational force exerted by the star on the planet is equal in magnitude to the gravitational force exerted by the planet on the star. So the first statement is false.

Step2: Gravitational Force Formula

The formula for gravitational force is \(F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}\). When \(m_1 = 1M_{\odot}\), \(m_2=0.5M_{\odot}\), for \(r = 10\) light - years, \(F_1=G\frac{1\times0.5}{10^2}\); for \(r = 100\) light - years, \(F_2=G\frac{1\times0.5}{100^2}\). Since \(F_1>F_2\), the second statement is true.

Step3: Gravitational Force Formula

Using \(F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}\), with \(r\) (distance) the same (\(r = 300000\) kilometers), if \(m_{moon1}>m_{moon2}\), then \(F_{planet - moon1}=G\frac{m_{planet}m_{moon1}}{r^2}>F_{planet - moon2}=G\frac{m_{planet}m_{moon2}}{r^2}\). So the third statement is false.

Step4: Definition of Gravity

Gravity is indeed a fundamental force that acts between all matter in the universe. So the fourth statement is true.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True