Question

sponges reproduce asexually by ____, internal or external buds, and by whenever a piece of the sponge breaks off. each piece can form a new sponge. this is how sponges form colonies. combining branching fragmentation gemmuling

Explanation:

Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into pieces, and each piece can grow into a new organism. In sponges, when a piece breaks off, it can form a new sponge, which is characteristic of fragmentation. Combining is not a recognized asexual reproduction method in this context. Branching is more about the growth pattern of the organism's structure rather than a reproductive method. Gemmules are internal buds in sponges (mentioned in the question as a separate method), so the blank should be filled with the term that describes the breaking - off and regeneration process.

Answer:

C. fragmentation