Question

source: united states geological survey
which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown?
a both systems set specific property boundaries for landholders. however, the metes-and-bounds system is more orderly and efficient.
b both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. however, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape.
c both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. however, only properties surveyed with the metes-and-bounds system can be subdivided into smaller plots.
d both systems access the global navigational satellite system (gnss) to set property lines. however, gnss is accurate only for township-and-range systems.
e both systems are used in the united states. however, the township-and-range survey system is used only in the eastern part of the united states.

Explanation:

• Option A: The metes - and - bounds system is less orderly (based on natural features), so this is incorrect.
• Option B: Both land survey systems (metes - and - bounds, township - and - range) use geometric calculations for property lines. The township - and - range system uses simpler calculations (grid - like, based on standardized measurements) to create a more ordered landscape (uniform plots), which matches the visual difference (left may be metes - and - bounds with irregular plots, right township - and - range with regular plots).
• Option C: Both systems can subdivide properties, so this is wrong.
• Option D: Metes - and - bounds predates GNSS, and GNSS is accurate for both, so this is incorrect.
• Option E: Township - and - range is used in the western US (not eastern), so this is wrong.

Answer:

B. Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. However, the township - and - range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape.