Question

in some older parts of cities, sewage pipes can leak into rivers and streams due to various reasons. what is one of the reasons?
crushed or broken pipes
volcanic eruptions
soil erosion

Explanation:

In older city areas, sewage pipes can leak. Crushed or broken pipes (due to age, ground movement, etc.) directly cause leaks. Volcanic eruptions are rare in urban settings. Soil erosion affects land but not directly pipes like physical damage (crushed/broken) does. So, crushed or broken pipes is a valid reason.

Answer:

A. crushed or broken pipes