sex linked trait questions
colorblindness is a sex linked disease carried on the x chromosome. this disease typically only affects males. cross a colorblind woman with a normal man. what are the chances that the male children will be colorblind? (hint* only look at the males to determine the percentage)
1. cross a woman who is a carrier of colorblindness with a colorblind man. what percentage of their children will be colorblind?
2. who is most affected by colorblindness, girls or boys? why? (most important question).

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# Brief Explanations:
1. Let $X^c$ represent the color - blind allele and $X^C$ represent the normal allele. The woman (carrier) has the genotype $X^CX^c$ and the man (color - blind) has the genotype $X^cY$.
   - Using a Punnett square:
     - The possible gametes from the woman are $X^C$ and $X^c$, and from the man are $X^c$ and $Y$.
     - The offspring genotypes are $X^CX^c$ (female, carrier), $X^cX^c$ (female, color - blind), $X^CY$ (male, normal), $X^cY$ (male, color - blind).
     - Out of 4 possible offspring, 2 ($X^cX^c$ and $X^cY$) are color - blind. So the percentage is $\frac{2}{4}\times100\% = 50\%$.
2. Males have only one $X$ chromosome. If that $X$ chromosome has the color - blind allele ($X^c$), they will be color - blind ($X^cY$). Females have two $X$ chromosomes. They need to have the color - blind allele on both $X$ chromosomes ($X^cX^c$) to be color - blind. Since it is less likely for a female to inherit two color - blind alleles compared to a male inheriting one, boys are more affected.

# Answer:
1. $50\%$
2. Boys are most affected. Males have one $X$ chromosome. If it has the color - blind allele ($X^c$), they are color - blind ($X^cY$). Females need two $X^c$ alleles ($X^cX^c$) to be color - blind.

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