Question

select all of the following that occur during nrem stage 4.

incubus attacks \devil on my back\

nocturnal enuresis

physical arousal increased

myoclonic jerks

hypnagogic hallucinations

Explanation:

• Incubus attacks "Devil on my back": This is a misnomer for sleep paralysis which can occur in REM sleep, not NREM stage 4.
• Nocturnal enuresis: It is more likely to occur in NREM stage 4 as it is a deep - sleep stage and the body has more relaxed muscles and less awareness.
• Physical arousal increased: Physical arousal is typically lower in NREM stage 4 (deep sleep) compared to lighter sleep stages or REM sleep.
• Myoclonic jerks: These are more common in the transition from wakefulness to sleep (hypnagogic state, often in stage 1 NREM or even before fully entering NREM sleep).
• Hypnagogic hallucinations: As the name suggests, these occur during the hypnagogic (wake - to - sleep transition) phase, usually in stage 1 NREM or before full sleep onset.

Answer:

Nocturnal enuresis.