Question

scientific themes
energy and matter explain why a natural ecosystem is both an open system and a closed system.

Explanation:

A natural ecosystem is an open system because it exchanges energy (like solar energy input and heat loss) and some matter (e.g., gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide) with its surroundings. It is a closed system for most matter as the total amount of matter (elements like carbon, nitrogen, etc.) within the ecosystem is recycled and remains relatively constant (except for very minor inputs like meteorites and negligible losses to space).

Answer:

A natural ecosystem is an open system for energy and some matter exchange, and a closed system for most matter recycling.