Question

science matter and energy 2nd ed. test 12 continued 11. convert the binary number \11001\ to a decimal number. \bigcirc 3 \bigcirc 19 \bigcirc 25 \bigcirc 201 12. a group of eight digits in the binary number system is called a \underline{\quad\quad}. \bigcirc bit \bigcirc byte \bigcirc kilobyte \bigcirc hexadecimal 13. a computers \underline{\quad\quad} is the \brain\ that controls all other systems of the computer. \bigcirc cpu \bigcirc ram \bigcirc gui \bigcirc rom 14. the collection of programs that direct a computers basic functions is called its \underline{\quad\quad}. \bigcirc i/o \bigcirc cpu \bigcirc os \bigcirc rom 15. which of the following statements regarding computer types is \underline{\text{not}} true? \bigcirc the computer that controls an automobiles fuel system is classified as a special - purpose computer. \bigcirc most mainframes function as servers. \bigcirc pcs are designed for use by one user at a time. \bigcirc smartphones are classified as special - purpose computers. 16. a \underline{\quad\quad} converts a code from a programming language to a machine language. \bigcirc compiler \bigcirc lan \bigcirc uav \bigcirc logic gate 17. a(n) \underline{\quad\quad} is a semiconductor device that produces electric current when light strikes its surface. \bigcirc led \bigcirc triode \bigcirc auv \bigcirc photovoltaic cell 18. the \underline{\quad\quad} is a piece of hardware that connects all the computers components. \bigcirc modem \bigcirc hard drive \bigcirc motherboard \bigcirc transistor 19. a(n) \underline{\quad\quad} is commonly referred to as a \chip.\ \bigcirc diode \bigcirc anode \bigcirc integrated circuit \bigcirc semiconductor crystal 20. \underline{\quad\quad} discovered the principles of the x - ray tube. \bigcirc charles babbage \bigcirc wilhelm roentgen \bigcirc blaise pascal \bigcirc william crookes page 2 of 2 end of test 60368 2/23

Explanation:

Step1: Binary to decimal conversion formula

The formula for converting a binary number \(b_{n}b_{n - 1}\cdots b_{1}b_{0}\) to decimal is \(\sum_{i = 0}^{n}b_{i}\times2^{i}\), where \(b_{i}\) is the \(i -\)th bit (0 or 1) of the binary number.
For the binary number \(11001\), we can write it as \(1\times2^{4}+1\times2^{3}+0\times2^{2}+0\times2^{1}+1\times2^{0}\).

Step2: Calculate each term

• Calculate \(1\times2^{4}\): \(1\times16 = 16\)
• Calculate \(1\times2^{3}\): \(1\times8 = 8\)
• Calculate \(0\times2^{2}\): \(0\times4 = 0\)
• Calculate \(0\times2^{1}\): \(0\times2 = 0\)
• Calculate \(1\times2^{0}\): \(1\times1 = 1\)

Step3: Sum up the terms

\(16 + 8+0 + 0+1=25\)

Answer:

\(25\)