Question

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rejoining the club
one plus one equals two, a triangle has three sides, and there are nine planets. for those who learned about our little corner of the cosmos before 2006, all of these facts were set in stone. that all changed when a group of astronomy experts created a set of criteria that altered the solar system. in the blink of an eye, pluto found itself in exile, a lowly \dwarf planet\ abruptly kicked out of an exclusive group. luckily, numerous scientists have publicly come out in favor of remedying this unfortunate blunder.
the definition of a planet developed in 2006 required a rotating celestial body to have a spherical shape, to orbit only the sun, and to
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how does the underlined sentence on page 4 support the author’s purpose?
by repeating the beginning sound of the letter r in some words, the author is using alliteration to urge critics to create new criteria for pluto.
by expressing that pluto is the \lonely onlooker,\ the author is using personification to urge critics to restore pluto’s status.
by including data from \early 2019,\ the author is using logos to persuade critics to update the solar system’s map.
by comparing the solar system to someone with \open arms,\ the author is using ethos to persuade critics to relabel the solar system.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Alliteration involves repeating initial consonant sounds, but the underlined sentence (not fully shown, but context about Pluto's status) likely doesn't use alliteration to urge new criteria. Eliminate.
• Option 2: Personification gives human traits. Calling Pluto a "lonely onlooker" personifies it. The author's purpose is to urge restoring Pluto's status, so this matches.
• Option 3: Logos uses logic/data, but the underlined sentence (context about Pluto's exile) doesn't use 2019 data. Eliminate.
• Option 4: Ethos uses credibility, but comparing solar system to "open arms" is metaphor, not ethos. Eliminate.

Answer:

B. By expressing that Pluto is the "lonely onlooker," the author is using personification to urge critics to restore Pluto’s status.