Question

read the passage from the opinion of the court in brown v. board of education, written by justice warren.

in the instant cases, that question is directly presented. . . . there are findings below that the negro and white schools involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other \tangible\ factors. our decision, therefore, cannot turn on merely a comparison of these tangible factors in the negro and white schools involved in each of the cases. we must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education. . . .

today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the

what reason does warren give for making the claim that comparing \tangible factors\ is not enough to evaluate segregation?

• educational and physical facilities themselves are not actually equal.
• the state has promised to provide equal education opportunities.
• age and qualifications in public schools are a more reliable factor to examine.
• the real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.

Explanation:

To answer this, we analyze the passage and each option:

• Option 1: The passage says the schools have been equalized in tangible factors, so this is wrong.
• Option 2: The passage doesn't mention the state's promise about equal education opportunities as a reason, so this is incorrect.
• Option 3: The passage doesn't discuss age and qualifications as a more reliable factor, so this is wrong.
• Option 4: The passage states "We must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education" and the emotional damage to minority students is part of that effect, so this matches the reason Warren gives.

Answer:

The real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.