Question

read the passage.
congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. all americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. if congress fails to address this today, then we all lose.
which fallacies appear in this passage? select three options.
☐ an appeal to emotion is used to make congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
☐ a false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment.
☐ an ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence.
☐ a bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every american wants to help endangered species.
☐ a false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

Explanation:

1. Appeal to Emotion: The passage says "these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control" to make Congress feel guilty if they don't act, which is an appeal to emotion.
2. Bandwagon Appeal: "All Americans realize that these creatures deserve..." suggests that since all Americans (implied majority) think this way, Congress should act, which is a bandwagon appeal.
3. False Dilemma (second one): "If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose" presents only two options: act now or everyone loses, ignoring other possibilities, which is a false dilemma. The first false dilemma option is incorrect as the passage doesn't claim legislation is the only way, just that it's needed. The ad hominem option is incorrect as there's no attack on representatives.

Answer:

• An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
• A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.
• A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.