Question

read this passage from chapter 5 of the prince. but when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince, and his family is exterminated, they, being on the one hand accustomed to obey and on the other hand not having the old prince, cannot agree in making one from amongst themselves, and they do not know how to govern themselves. for this reason they are very slow to take up arms, and a prince can gain them to himself and secure them much more easily. but in republics there is more vitality, greater hatred, and more desire for vengeance, which will never permit them to allow the memory of their former liberty to rest, so that the safest way is to destroy them or to reside there. how does machiavelli work to achieve his primary purpose to convince readers that a prince must ruin a conquered republic or live there? select two options. he lists the types of territories a prince might conquer. he describes the role of a ruling family in a principality. he explains the roots of rebellion in conquered republics. he identifies the characteristics of government in a republic. he contrasts the characteristics of principalities and republics.

Explanation:

1. Machiavelli contrasts principalities (where people are used to obeying a prince, and without the old ruling family, they struggle to self-govern, making them easy to control) with republics (which have more vitality, hatred, and desire for vengeance tied to their former liberty). This contrast highlights why republics are far harder to control than principalities, supporting his claim about ruining them or residing there.
2. He explains that the root of rebellion in conquered republics is their unshakable memory of and desire for former liberty, paired with their inherent vitality and hatred for conquerors. This explains why simply ruling them like a principality will fail, justifying his extreme proposed solutions.

Answer:

• He explains the roots of rebellion in conquered republics.
• He contrasts the characteristics of principalities and republics.