Question

read the passage from animal farm.
sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. but the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty, . . .
. . . they met with many difficulties—for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine.
what social commentary about communist russia does orwell make with this excerpt?
○ russians faced many challenges and struggles working on collective farms.
○ russians lacked the creative abilities to innovate solutions to problems.
○ russians were able to predict and avoid potential struggles.
○ russians lacked knowledge of basic modern agricultural practices.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the excerpt from Animal Farm and the options:

• The excerpt describes animals (representing Russians in communist Russia allegory) facing hard work, tool - related drawbacks, and difficulties like harvesting corn without modern equipment.
• Option 1: "Russians faced many challenges and struggles working on collective farms" matches. The animals’ struggles (hard work, tool issues, lack of modern farming tools for corn harvesting) parallel Russians’ struggles on collective farms.
• Option 2: The pigs are clever and find solutions, so Russians aren't lacking creative abilities. Eliminate.
• Option 3: The excerpt shows they face difficulties (don't avoid struggles), so this is wrong. Eliminate.
• Option 4: The issue is lack of modern tools, not basic agricultural knowledge. Eliminate.

Answer:

A. Russians faced many challenges and struggles working on collective farms.