Question

read the excerpt from president woodrow wilson’s speech, “war message to congress.”
on the 3rd of february last i officially laid before you the extraordinary announcement of the imperial german government that on and after the 1st day of february it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of great britain and ireland or the western coasts of europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of germany within the mediterranean.

to appeal to the audience, this part of the speech mostly relies on
○ ethos, an appeal based on the speaker’s character.
○ logos, an appeal based on logic or reason.
○ pathos, an appeal based on emotion.
○ force, an appeal based on the audience’s fear of harm.

Explanation:

The excerpt presents a factual statement of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy (specific dates, actions, and geographic areas). This relies on logical, verifiable information to make its case, which aligns with logos—appeal through logic or reason. Ethos (speaker’s character) and pathos (emotion) are not the focus here, and "force" is not a standard rhetorical appeal.

Answer:

B. logos, an appeal based on logic or reason.