Question

questions help define the engineering problem to develop a solution, the engineering problem must first be carefully defined. engineers ask questions about the need. then they conduct research to help form a precise definition of the engineering problem. for example, the widespread use of open fires and open stoves in the developing world leads to millions of deaths each year from exposure to smoke and combustion gases. this large - scale health problem can be addressed only by precisely identifying the parts of the social and physical systems in which the problem or need occurs. questions that help to develop a solution will also identify the systems in which the problem exists, including: - the individuals or groups that need the problem to be solved - the scientific issues relevant to the problem - potential impacts of solutions on the environment and society - the cost - effectiveness of the design process and availability of resources - the economic realities of the people for whom the solution will be developed problems with open kitchen fires and simple stoves about 40% of the world’s population cook and heat their homes using open fires and simple stoves. open fires and simple stoves contribute to climate change. an average of 66% of sub - saharan african homes, 55% of south and southeast asian homes, and 31% of latin american homes rely on open fires and simple stoves. stroke, pneumonia, heart disease, copd, and lung cancer are illnesses related to indoor air pollution caused by open fires and simple stoves. every year, 4.3 million people die from illnesses related to smoke and gas from open fires and simple stoves. women and children are most often affected. source: world health organization media center, household air pollution and health fact sheet. accessed on january 5, 2016. 4. which questions would help define this problem? choose all that apply. a. how do open fires in homes cause health problems? b. what types of buildings usually have kitchens with open fires? c. what treatments are available for diseases caused by open fires and stoves? d. what is the household income of families with open fires in the home?

Explanation:

• Option A: Asks about how open fires cause health problems, which relates to scientific issues (relevant to defining the problem's health impact).
• Option B: Identifies building types with open fires, helping define the systems (built environment) the problem exists in.
• Option D: Inquires about household income, relating to economic realities of those affected, aiding problem definition.
• Option C: Focuses on treatments, not defining the problem (defining is about understanding the problem, not solving it via treatment).

Answer:

A. How do open fires in homes cause health problems?
B. What types of buildings usually have kitchens with open fires?
D. What is the household income of families with open fires in the home?