Question

questions 18 through 20 refer to the following.
the last hitch occurred... saw to it that the second great awakening exerted much of its influence
through purposeful voluntary associations, typically headed by boards of directors on which laypersons
apparent permanently.
...
a piece of evidence used by howe in the second paragraph of the excerpt to support his argument about
the goals of prison reform was that prison reformers
a saw prisons primarily as a form of punishment
b intended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminals
c sought to expand prisons to force debt repayments
d thought prisons were only to hold people before trial

Explanation:

The text discusses prison reformers' goals. Option A is incorrect as the text mentions other functions like rehabilitation. Option C about forcing debt repayment is not the main goal. Option D is wrong as prisons had more purposes than just holding before trial. Option B aligns with the text's mention of using prisons for rehabilitation (e.g., for debtors, alcoholics, etc.).

Answer:

B. intended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminals