Question

question 1
vaccines work because our immune system thinks the vaccine is
○ an antibiotic that kills all bacteria
○ the pathogen and learns to ignore all pathogens
○ a dead pathogen and cleans it up but does not remember it for future attacks
○ the real pathogen, launches an attack, and remembers for future quick attack action
question 2
a variable that changes in response to conditions the experimenter sets up is known as a(n)...
○ dependent variable
○ independent variable
○ mock
○ control

Explanation:

Question 1

Vaccines contain weakened or dead pathogens (or parts of them). The immune system recognizes them as the real pathogen, mounts an immune response (launches an attack), and then remembers the pathogen so that future attacks can be quicker. Let's analyze the options:

• "an antibiotic that kills all bacteria": Vaccines are not antibiotics, so this is wrong.
• "the pathogen and learns to ignore all pathogens": Vaccines don't make the immune system ignore pathogens, they train it to fight, so wrong.
• "a dead pathogen and cleans it up but does not remember it for future attacks": The immune system does remember (through memory cells) for future attacks, so wrong.
• "the real pathogen, launches an attack, and remembers for future quick attack action": This matches how vaccines work (they mimic the real pathogen to trigger an immune response and memory).

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the one that changes in response to the independent variable (which the experimenter manipulates or sets up). Let's analyze the options:

• "Dependent Variable": By definition, this is the variable that responds to the conditions set by the experimenter (the independent variable).
• "Independent Variable": This is the variable the experimenter changes, not the one that responds, so wrong.
• "mock": Not a term for this concept in experimental variables.
• "Control": A control is a group or condition used for comparison, not a variable type in this context, so wrong.

Answer:

the real pathogen, launches an attack, and remembers for future quick attack action

Question 2