Question

question 1
1 pts
boyles law states that the volume of a gas varies ____ with pressure at a ____ temperature.
o directly; constant
o inversely; constant
o directly; constantly changing
o inversely; constantly changing

question 2
1 pts
which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?
o the total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane
o alveolar ventilation
o the oxygen pressure gradient between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary blood
o all of the above help determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute.

Explanation:

Question 1

Boyle's law, which is a fundamental gas law in physics (a sub - field of Natural Science), states the relationship between the volume (\(V\)) and pressure (\(P\)) of a gas. The mathematical formula for Boyle's law is \(PV = k\) (where \(k\) is a constant when the temperature is fixed). If we rewrite it as \(V=\frac{k}{P}\), we can see that volume and pressure are inversely proportional. And the law holds when the temperature is constant.

• Surface area of the respiratory membrane: A larger surface area (\(A\)) of the respiratory membrane allows for more gas exchange. According to Fick's law of diffusion (\(J=-D\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x}A\), where \(J\) is the diffusion rate, \(D\) is the diffusion coefficient, \(\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x}\) is the concentration gradient), a larger \(A\) increases the amount of oxygen (\(O_2\)) that can diffuse.
• Alveolar ventilation: Adequate alveolar ventilation ensures a fresh supply of \(O_2\) in the alveoli. If there is poor alveolar ventilation, the partial pressure of \(O_2\) in the alveoli will drop, reducing the driving force for \(O_2\) diffusion into the blood.
• Oxygen pressure gradient: The oxygen pressure gradient (\(\Delta P_{O_2}\)) between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary blood is the driving force for \(O_2\) diffusion. A larger gradient means more \(O_2\) will diffuse from an area of higher \(O_2\) partial pressure (alveoli) to an area of lower \(O_2\) partial pressure (pulmonary blood)

Answer:

inversely; constant

Question 2