Question

question 3 (2 points)
_____ uses established rules to draw conclusions, whereas in _____, such rules are not established and we may not know the consequences of evaluating and choosing alternatives.
○ heuristics; algorithms
○ reasoning; decision making
○ creativity; reasoning
○ heuristics; reasoning
question 4 (2 points)
roger is a four - year - old boy. in the context of the milestones of language development, which of the following language milestones is roger most likely to have attained at this age?
○ he understands complex grammar forms.
○ he understands abstract words.
○ he has a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.
○ he uses wh - questions.

Explanation:

Question 3

• For the first blank: Reasoning uses established logical rules (like deductive/inductive rules) to draw conclusions.
• For the second blank: Decision making often involves situations where rules aren’t fully established, and we evaluate alternatives without knowing all consequences (e.g., choosing a career path with uncertain outcomes).
• Analyzing other options:
• Heuristics are mental shortcuts (not strict established rules), so "Heuristics; algorithms" is wrong (algorithms have strict rules, but heuristics don’t fit the first blank).
• "Creativity; reasoning" is wrong because creativity isn’t about established rules for conclusions.
• "Heuristics; reasoning" is wrong as heuristics don’t use established rules for conclusions.

• Language milestones for 4 - year - olds:
• 4 - year - olds typically use wh - questions (who, what, where, etc.).
• Complex grammar forms (e.g., advanced tenses, clauses) are mastered later (around school - age).
• Abstract words (like "freedom", "justice") are understood later as they require more cognitive development.
• A vocabulary of 10,000 words is more typical of 6 - year - olds; 4 - year - olds have smaller vocabularies (around 1500 - 2000 words, though individual variation exists, but 10,000 is too high).

Answer:

B. Reasoning; decision making

Question 4