Question

question 4 (6 points)
question: a team of scientists is conducting a study to investigate the impact of a specific lifestyle intervention on weight loss over a 6 - month period. overweight individuals will be assigned to the intervention and then evaluated after 6 months. what study design is this?

1. ecological
2. cohort
3. case - control
4. cross - sectional

question 5 (6 points)
question: a researcher wants to explore the prevalence of smartphone usage among college students and its potential association with academic performance. college students are asked to report their phone usage and their grades. which study design is this?

1. experimental
2. cross - sectional

Explanation:

• Question 4:
• Ecological: Studies population - level data, not individual - level like here.
• Cohort: Follows a group (cohort) over time. Here, overweight individuals are followed over 6 months after an intervention, which fits the cohort design.
• Case - control: Compares cases (with a condition) and controls (without). Not the case here.
• Cross - sectional: Looks at data at a single point in time. But this is over 6 months.
• Question 5:
• Experimental: Involves manipulation of an independent variable (e.g., giving a treatment). Here, just asking for reports, no manipulation.
• Cross - sectional: Collects data at a single point in time (asking students about current phone usage and grades), which fits this design.

Answer:

Question 4: 2) Cohort
Question 5: 2) Cross - sectional