Question

question 9 (1 point)
el niño southern oscillation (enso) is responsible for worldwide climate fluctuations. why is the fishing economy of peru and ecuador greatly affected by these fluctuations?
monsoons in the north indian ocean cause a decrease in peru fisheries.
cold, nutrient - poor water has covered the warm, nutrient - rich waters near perus coast.
the la niña is a cool phase that decreases fisheries.
cold, nutrient - rich upwelling waters that facilitate the fisheries were covered by the warm, nutrient - poor waters of el niño.

Explanation:

El Niño brings warm, nutrient - poor waters. Peru and Ecuador's fishing depends on cold, nutrient - rich upwelling. When El Niño occurs, the cold, nutrient - rich upwelling waters (which are crucial for fisheries as they support the food chain for fish) are covered by El Niño's warm, nutrient - poor waters. Monsoons in the North Indian Ocean are not related to Peru's fisheries. La Niña is a cool phase but it is the El Niño's effect (covering of upwelling) that is relevant here. The option about cold, nutrient - poor water covering warm, nutrient - rich is incorrect as the usual situation is cold, nutrient - rich upwelling.

Answer:

Cold, nutrient - rich upwelling waters that facilitate the fisheries were covered by the warm, nutrient - poor waters of El Niño.