Question

question 1
john locke was a strong proponent of:
separation of powers and checks and balances
popular sovereignty
rule by monarchs
natural rights and the social contract

Explanation:

John Locke is known for his ideas on natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the social contract theory, where people form a government to protect their natural rights. Separation of powers is associated with Montesquieu, popular sovereignty with Rousseau - like thinkers, and rule by monarchs is against Locke's views.

Answer:

Natural rights and the social contract (the last option in the list)