Question

question 7

grace is a manager at a commercial bakery and has been learning in her online extension class about the influential psychologist milton rokeach and two fundamental types of values: instrumental and terminal. she decides to put together a training session for her staff.

which summary represents effective examples to illustrate each of these fundamental values?

• grace discusses cleanliness as an instrumental value, and a sense of accomplishment and a comfortable life as terminal values.
• grace discusses the paycheck as an example of an instrumental value, and the year-end bonus as an example of a terminal value.
• grace discusses a sense of accomplishment as an instrumental value, and equality among all people as a terminal value.
• grace discusses honesty as an instrumental value, and obedience as a terminal value.

Explanation:

Define Rokeach's value types

Using the Personal Values knowledge point

• Terminal values represent desirable end-states of existence (the goals a person would like to achieve during their lifetime, such as a comfortable life, a sense of accomplishment, or equality).
• Instrumental values represent preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving the terminal values (such as being clean, honest, or obedient).

Evaluate the first option

• Cleanliness is a mode of behavior (how one conducts oneself), which makes it an instrumental value.
• A sense of accomplishment and a comfortable life are desirable end-states of existence, which makes them terminal values.
• This option correctly aligns with Milton Rokeach's classifications.

Evaluate the remaining options

• Option 2: Paychecks and bonuses are external rewards/incentives rather than core personal values in Rokeach's framework.
• Option 3: A sense of accomplishment is an end-state (terminal value), not an instrumental value.
• Option 4: Obedience is a mode of behavior, making it an instrumental value rather than a terminal value.

Answer:

• (A) Grace discusses cleanliness as an instrumental value, and a sense of accomplishment and a comfortable life as terminal values. (Correct answer)
• (B) Grace discusses the paycheck as an example of an instrumental value, and the year-end bonus as an example of a terminal value.
• (C) Grace discusses a sense of accomplishment as an instrumental value, and equality among all people as a terminal value.
• (D) Grace discusses honesty as an instrumental value, and obedience as a terminal value.