Question

question 56 (3.25 points) explain in anatomical terms why the parasympathetic division affects target organs more selectively than the sympathetic division does. please note: your response should be a minimum of 3 sentences, or you will automatically receive a score of 0.

Explanation:

The parasympathetic division has long pre - ganglionic fibers and short post - ganglionic fibers. The pre - ganglionic neurons originate in the brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and sacral spinal cord (S2 - S4). The ganglia are located close to or within the target organs. This anatomical arrangement means that the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) is released in close proximity to the target organ cells, allowing for more selective activation. In contrast, the sympathetic division has short pre - ganglionic fibers and long post - ganglionic fibers. The ganglia are located in the sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia (e.g., celiac ganglia). The post - ganglionic fibers have to travel a longer distance to reach the target organs, and there is a greater chance of neurotransmitter (norepinephrine) spreading to multiple organs, reducing selectivity.

Answer:

The parasympathetic division has long pre - ganglionic fibers and short post - ganglionic fibers with ganglia near or in target organs, enabling selective neurotransmitter release. The sympathetic division has short pre - ganglionic and long post - ganglionic fibers with ganglia far from target organs, reducing selectivity.