Question

question 23 (1 point) saved
which of the following immunological defenses is common to the oral cavity, the upper gi tract, and the lower gi tract?
iga
lysozyme
low ph
bile
question 24 (1 point) saved
during which stage of tuberculosis do tubercles filled with masses of bacteria expand and drain into the bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract?
primary tuberculosis
secondary tuberculosis
extrapulmonary tuberculosis
tertiary tuberculosis
question 25 (1 point) saved
treatment for ehec does not include antibiotic therapy.
true
false

Explanation:

Question 23

IgA is a type of antibody (immunoglobulin) that is present in mucosal secretions, including those of the oral cavity, upper GI tract, and lower GI tract. Lysozyme is more associated with saliva and some other secretions but not as widespread in all GI regions. Low pH is mainly in the stomach (upper GI) and not the oral cavity or lower GI. Bile is in the small intestine (lower GI) and not oral or upper GI. So IgA is common.

In secondary tuberculosis, tubercles (granulomas) can expand, and caseous necrosis within them can drain into bronchial tubes/respiratory tract. Primary TB is initial infection with small tubercles. Extrapulmonary TB is outside the lungs. Tertiary TB is not a standard stage; secondary is when reactivation and spread in the lungs occur with draining.

EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) treatment avoids antibiotics because antibiotics can increase the release of Shiga toxin, worsening symptoms (like HUS). So the statement is true.

Answer:

A. IgA

Question 24