Question

question 22 (1 point)
the term sterile means:
reduced microbial load
free of all living microorganisms and spores
safe for human tissue
free of most microbes
question 23 (1 point)
which method achieves sterilization?
refrigeration
filtration through paper
autoclaving
boiling

Explanation:

• Question 22: The term "sterile" in a microbiological context specifically means free of all living microorganisms and spores. Reduced microbial load is more related to decontamination or sanitization. "Safe for human tissue" is about biocompatibility. "Free of most microbes" is similar to a high - level disinfection but not sterilization.
• Question 23: Autoclaving is a method that uses high - pressure steam to achieve sterilization. Refrigeration only slows down microbial growth. Filtration through paper may not remove all microbes (e.g., some viruses can pass through depending on the paper's pore size). Boiling may not kill all spores (e.g., some bacterial spores can survive boiling for extended periods).

Answer:

• Question 22: Free of all living microorganisms and spores
• Question 23: Autoclaving