Question

question 21

the third perspective, which examines how new organizations fill niches left open by established organizations and how a rich variety of new organizational forms benefits society, refers to

population ecology.
resource-dependence theory.
collaborative networks.
institutionalism.

Explanation:

Analyze the core question

The question describes a perspective that examines how new organizations fill niches left open by established organizations, and how a rich variety of new organizational forms benefits society.

Evaluate the options

Using the Population Ecology Model knowledge point:

• This perspective focuses on organizational diversity and adaptation within a population of organizations. It posits that new organizations emerge to fill specific environmental niches that established organizations cannot or do not serve, and that a variety of organizational forms is beneficial for societal adaptation.

Using the Resource Dependence Theory knowledge point:

• This theory focuses on how organizations manage environmental dependencies to acquire resources, rather than how populations of organizations fill niches.

Evaluating the remaining options:

• Collaborative networks focus on cooperative relationships between organizations.
• Institutionalism focuses on how organizations adapt to expectations and norms of their institutional environment to gain legitimacy.

Therefore, the description matches population ecology.

Answer:

• Population ecology. (Correct answer)
• Resource-dependence theory.
• Collaborative networks.
• Institutionalism.