Question

question 21
a frame - shift mutation has the potential to change the
a order of hydrogen bonds in dna before the shift
b types of sugars in dna and shift these sugars to the right.
c chemistry of phosphate groups in a strand of messenger rna.
d sequence of nitrogen bases in a strand of messenger rna, and the protein made

question 22
lucy sets up an investigation by placing a plastic bag over a plant. she secures the plastic bag so that it is completely sealed and nothing can enter. she observes the plant daily to see if it remains green and healthy.
which two questions is her investigation designed to answer?
a can the plant perform respiration faster than a plant that is not sealed?
b can the plant perform respiration without a large supply of oxygen?
c can the plant perform photosynthesis without a large supply of oxygen?
d can the plant perform photosynthesis without a large supply of carbon dioxide?
e can the plant perform photosynthesis faster than a plant that is not sealed?
f can the plant perform respiration without a large supply of carbon dioxide?

Explanation:

• Question 21:
• A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted in a DNA sequence, which causes a shift in the reading frame. This affects the sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA (since mRNA is transcribed from DNA) and subsequently the protein made (as the genetic code in mRNA is translated into a protein sequence). Hydrogen bonds in DNA, types of sugars in DNA, and the chemistry of phosphate groups in mRNA are not directly changed by a frameshift mutation in the way described in options a - c.
• Question 22:
• For photosynthesis, plants need carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)). Since the bag is sealed, if the plant can still perform photosynthesis (stay green and healthy), it would imply something about its \(CO_2\) requirements. For respiration, plants need oxygen (\(O_2\)). If the plant can still respire (which is part of basic metabolism for staying alive), it would imply something about its \(O_2\) requirements. Options a, c, e, and f are not relevant as the key factors for the basic processes (photosynthesis - \(CO_2\), respiration-\(O_2\)) in the context of a sealed bag (limiting gas exchange) are \(O_2\) for respiration and \(CO_2\) for photosynthesis.

Answer:

• Question 21: d. sequence of nitrogen bases in a strand of messenger RNA, and the protein made
• Question 22: b. Can the plant perform respiration without a large supply of oxygen?; d. Can the plant perform photosynthesis without a large supply of carbon dioxide?