Question

question 17 (4 points)
b.f. skinner believed that teaching machines could promote effective learning because they allow for both
continuous reinforcement and latent learning
positive reinforcemnet and punishment
shaping and immediate reinforcement
observational learning and spontaneous recovery
question 18 (4 points)
two years ago, the de castellane manufacturing company included its employees in a profitsharing plan in which workers receive semi - annual bonuses based on the companys profits. since the plan was intiated, worker productivity at de castellane has nearly doubled. the productivity increase is best explained in terms of
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
spontaneous recovery

Explanation:

Question 17

B.F. Skinner was a proponent of operant conditioning. Shaping is the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. Immediate reinforcement is crucial in operant conditioning as it strengthens the behavior. Continuous reinforcement is not typically what Skinner emphasized in teaching machines (as partial reinforcement can also be effective in some cases), and latent learning (learning that occurs without immediate reinforcement and is not immediately expressed) is more associated with Tolman. Positive reinforcement and punishment - while Skinner did study these, the key in teaching machines was the step - by - step shaping and immediate feedback (reinforcement). Observational learning is Bandura's concept, and spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon in classical conditioning.

Question 18

Operant conditioning involves behavior being influenced by its consequences. In this case, the workers' increased productivity (behavior) is likely due to the semi - annual bonuses (positive reinforcement) based on the company's profits. Latent learning is learning that is not immediately demonstrated. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

Answer:

Question 17: Shaping and immediate reinforcement
Question 18: Operant conditioning