Question

question 13
(q004) according to filter theory, having limited ______ helps us to function in the world, because otherwise we would be swamped with irrelevant sensory information.
○ a perception
○ b storage
○ c memory
○ d attention

question 14
(q004) after the room went dark, gavin had a mental image of what everything looked like. but as soon as he tried to recall one specific detail, everything else faded. what type of memory store was gavin experiencing?
○ a sensory
○ b working
○ c short - term
○ d long - term

question 15
(q004) the average person can hold ______ pieces of information in their short - term storage.
○ 5 to 9
○ 12 to 15
○ 20
○ unlimited

question 16
(q004) the most likely reason why people were able to remember the word sleep as being on the list was because of
○ recall.
○ recognition.
○ distortion.
○ forgetting.

Explanation:

• Question 13: Filter theory in psychology emphasizes that limited attention helps us filter out irrelevant sensory information. Perception is about interpreting sensory info, storage is about memory storage, and memory is a broader concept. Attention fits as it's the filter.
• Question 14: Sensory memory (like iconic memory for visual) holds a mental image briefly. Working memory is for active processing, short - term is a bit longer - lasting (about 30 seconds without rehearsal), and long - term is for more permanent storage. Since the image fades quickly when focusing on a detail (like iconic memory decay), it's sensory.
• Question 15: The classic "magic number" 7 ± 2 (5 - 9) is associated with short - term memory capacity. 12 - 15, 20, and unlimited are not the standard values for short - term storage capacity.
• Question 16: Recognition is identifying something as familiar (e.g., seeing a word on a list and knowing it was there). Recall is retrieving without a cue, distortion is memory alteration, and forgetting is loss of memory. If people "remember" a word was on the list (by seeing it again and recognizing), recognition is the reason.

Answer:

• Question 13: d. attention
• Question 14: a. sensory
• Question 15: 5 to 9
• Question 16: recognition