Question

question 11 (1 point)
which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?
o a nevus
b melasma
o c lentigines
d chloasma

question 12 (1 point)
between 80 and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by _.
o a tobacco use
b poor diet
o c sun exposure
d genetic factors

Explanation:

Question 11

• A nevus is a mole, not related to hormonal changes during pregnancy or birth - control pill use.
• Lentigines are freckles, which are mainly related to sun exposure and genetics, not the hormonal context here.
• Melasma and chloasma are often used interchangeably. Melasma (chloasma) is a hormonal - related skin pigmentation change that can occur during pregnancy (mask of pregnancy) or with hormonal contraceptive use.

• Tobacco use and poor diet contribute to skin aging, but not to the extent of 80 - 85%.
• Genetic factors play a role in skin aging (intrinsic aging), but extrinsic aging (mainly due to sun exposure) is more significant. Sun exposure (photoaging) is responsible for 80 - 85% of skin aging as it causes collagen degradation, elastin changes, and free - radical damage.

Answer:

b. melasma, d. chloasma

Question 12