Question

a primary reason european languages are spoken in africa today is that —
a african and european alliances were formed during world war i
b european territories in africa were redistributed at the congress of vienna
c british forces won the boer war against the dutch and afrikaners
d european explorers and merchants established colonies throughout the continent

Explanation:

European colonizers established colonies across Africa. During colonial rule, European languages were imposed in various aspects like administration, education, and trade. This led to the spread and continued use of European languages in Africa today.

• Option A: World War I alliances were mainly political - military and not the main reason for language spread.
• Option B: The Congress of Vienna was about post - Napoleonic Europe's territorial arrangement, not African language spread.
• Option C: The Boer War was a specific conflict in South Africa and not the overarching reason for European language presence across Africa.
• Option D: European exploration and colonization (establishing colonies) led to the imposition and spread of their languages.

Answer:

D. European explorers and merchants established colonies throughout the continent