Question

a positive ion is formed when
select one:
o a. there are more holes than electrons in the outer orbit
o b. two atoms bond together
o c. an atom gains an extra valence electron
o d. a valence electron breaks away from the atom

Explanation:

A positive ion (cation) is formed when an atom loses an electron. When a valence electron breaks away from the atom (option d), the atom has more protons (positive charge) than electrons (negative charge), resulting in a positive charge.

• Option a is incorrect as "holes" are not relevant in this context for ion formation.
• Option b is about bonding, not ion formation.
• Option c would form a negative ion (anion) as gaining an electron gives the atom a negative charge.

Answer:

D. a valence electron breaks away from the atom