Question

population growth is determined by many factors. there are density - dependent factors and density - independent factors. predation, competition for resources are factors that are: a present in land - based (terrestrial) populations only b density - dependent c density - independent d none of the above

Explanation:

Density - dependent factors are those that affect a population's growth rate based on the population's density. Predation and competition for resources are influenced by the number of individuals in a population. For example, if a population is dense (many individuals), there will be more competition for limited resources like food and space. Similarly, a dense population may attract more predators. These factors do not act independently of population density.

Answer:

B. Density - dependent