Question

1. a player hits a ball with a bat. the action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. what is the reaction to this force?

a. the force of the ball against the bat.
b. the weight of the ball.
c. air resistance on the ball.
d. the grip of the players hand against the bat.

1. an unfortunate bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. compared to the force of the car on the bug, the force of the bug on the car is...

a. larger.
b. smaller.
c. the same.

1. a large truck and a small car traveling at the same speed have a head - on collision. the vehicle to undergo the greater change in velocity will be...

a. the small car.
b. the large truck.
c. neither one because they both experience the same acceleration.
. nellie newton holds an apple in her hand. if the action is earth pulling on the apple, then the reaction is...
a. her hand providing a normal force on the apple.
b. her hand pushing up on the apple.
c. the apple pulling on the earth
d. the apple pushing down on her hand
in a game of tug - of - war, what determines which team will win?
a. the team that pulls the rope with the greater horizontal force.
b. the team that exerts a stronger force on the ground.
c. the team with the higher total mass of players.
d. the team that pulls the rope with a faster acceleration.

Explanation:

• Question 6: According to Newton's third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the bat hits the ball (action), the ball exerts an equal and opposite force on the bat (reaction).
• Question 7: Newton's third law states that the force of the car on the bug and the force of the bug on the car are an action - reaction pair, so they are equal in magnitude.
• Question 8: Using the formula \(F = ma\) (Newton's second law) and the fact that the forces during the collision are equal (Newton's third law), the smaller mass (small car) will have a greater acceleration (\(a=\frac{F}{m}\)), and since acceleration is the rate of change of velocity (\(a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\)), the small car will have a greater change in velocity.
• Question about Nellie Newton: By Newton's third law, if the Earth pulls on the apple (action), the apple pulls on the Earth (reaction).
• Question about tug - of - war: In a tug - of - war, the team that exerts a stronger force on the ground. According to Newton's third law, the ground exerts an equal and opposite force on the team. If a team can push harder on the ground, the ground pushes harder on them, and they can overcome the tension in the rope and pull the other team.

Answer:

• Question 6: a. The force of the ball against the bat.
• Question 7: c. the same.
• Question 8: a. the small car.
• Nellie Newton's question: c. the apple pulling on the Earth.
• Tug - of - war question: b. The team that exerts a stronger force on the ground.