Question

photosynthesis can be broken into two major stages - the light - dependent reactions and the light - independent reactions. the light - dependent reactions take place within and across the membrane of the thylakoids, which are stacked inside the chloroplast. the light - independent reactions take place in the stroma, the area outside the thylakoids.
explain complete the statement by selecting the correct terms.
in the light - dependent reactions, ( h_2o ) and light energy are inputs, and ( co_2|o_2|h_2o|sugar ) is an output. in these reactions, an energy - carrying molecule, ( co_2|atp|adp|sugar ), and an electron carrier, ( nadph ), are produced and sent to the light - independent reactions. in the light - independent reactions, ( co_2|o_2|adp|sugar ) is an input, and ( co_2|o_2|atp|sugar ) is an output. ( adp ) and ( nadp^+ ) return to the light - dependent reactions.

Explanation:

• In light - dependent reactions:
• Water (\(H_2O\)) is split using light energy. One of the products of this splitting is oxygen (\(O_2\)) which is released as an output.
• During the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in light - dependent reactions, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is synthesized from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. ATP is an energy - carrying molecule.
• In light - independent reactions (Calvin cycle):
• Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) is fixed and used to produce sugar (such as glucose) through a series of enzyme - catalyzed reactions.

Answer:

In the light - dependent reactions, \(H_2O\) and light energy are inputs, and \(O_2\) is an output. In these reactions, an energy - carrying molecule, \(ATP\), and an electron carrier, \(NADPH\), are produced and sent to the light - independent reactions. In the light - independent reactions, \(CO_2\) is an input, and \(sugar\) is an output. \(ADP\) and \(NADP^{+}\) return to the light - dependent reactions.