Question

a patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. it is possible that this ______ is a side effect of his long - term use of antipsychotic medication.
tardive dyskinesia
transcranial effect
dystonia
dysthymia

Explanation:

• Tardive dyskinesia: Characterized by involuntary movements (such as of facial muscles and tongue), and is a known side - effect of long - term antipsychotic medication use.
• Transcranial effect: This is a very general and non - specific term. Transcranial usually refers to something passing through the skull (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation), but it is not a recognized side - effect term in this context.
• Dystonia: Involves sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures. While it can be a side - effect of some medications (including antipsychotics, especially acute dystonia), the description of involuntary movements (not sustained postures) in the question better fits tardive dyskinesia.
• Dysthymia: A type of chronic mild depression. It has no relation to involuntary movements or antipsychotic side - effects.

Answer:

tardive dyskinesia