Question

a patient with chronic kidney disease is being directed to avoid ibuprofen due to the strain it puts on the kidneys. this is an example of which of the following?
side effect
adverse effect
contraindication
indication

Explanation:

• Side effect: A secondary, usually unintended effect of a drug. While ibuprofen can have side effects, the key here is the medical advice to avoid it due to a specific condition (chronic kidney disease).
• Adverse effect: A harmful and unintended effect. But again, the focus is on the avoidance based on a pre - existing condition.
• Contraindication: A specific situation (like a disease, chronic kidney disease here) in which a particular drug (ibuprofen) should not be used because it may cause harm. This matches the scenario.
• Indication: A reason to use a drug. Clearly not relevant as the patient is being told to avoid the drug.

Answer:

Contraindication