Question

pathogenic food - borne illness is caused by: bacterial infection bacterial intoxication parasites viruses all of the above

Explanation:

Pathogenic food - borne illness can be caused by various agents. Bacterial infections (e.g., Salmonella), bacterial intoxications (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus toxins), parasites (e.g., Giardia), and viruses (e.g., Norovirus) are all known to cause food - borne illnesses.

Answer:

all of the above