Question

passive transport active transport involves channel proteins or carrier proteins involves diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradient requires energy for moving molecules across a membrane moves one or more molecules against their concentration gradient involves pumps

Explanation:

Passive transport is a process that does not require energy input. It can involve channel or carrier proteins (facilitated diffusion) and always occurs down the concentration gradient. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy (usually in the form of ATP) as it moves molecules against their concentration gradient. Pumps are often involved in active transport processes.

Answer:

Passive transport: involves channel proteins or carrier proteins, involves diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradient.
Active transport: requires energy for moving molecules across a membrane, moves one or more molecules against their concentration gradient, involves pumps.