Question

organic molecules
complete the following.
organic molecule (polymer) | monomers (subunits) | function(s) | elements (cho, chon, chonp)
--- | --- | --- | ---
carbohydrates | | |
lipids | | |
proteins | | |
nucleic acids | | |

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze Carbohydrates

• Polymer (Organic Molecule): Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).
• Monomers (Subunits): Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose).
• Function(s): Primary energy source for cells; structural support (e.g., cellulose in plants).
• Elements: CHO (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen).

Step2: Analyze Lipids

• Polymer (Organic Molecule): Lipids are not true polymers, but examples include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.
• Monomers (Subunits): Fatty acids and glycerol (for triglycerides); no true monomer for all lipids.
• Function(s): Energy storage; cell membrane structure; insulation; hormone production.
• Elements: CHO (mostly, some have P or N, but primarily C, H, O).

Step3: Analyze Proteins

• Polymer (Organic Molecule): Polypeptides (proteins are made of one or more polypeptide chains).
• Monomers (Subunits): Amino acids (20 different types in biological systems).
• Function(s): Enzymes (catalyze reactions); structural support (e.g., collagen); transport (e.g., hemoglobin); defense (e.g., antibodies); regulation (e.g., hormones like insulin).
• Elements: CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen; some have S).

Step4: Analyze Nucleic Acids

• Polymer (Organic Molecule): DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).
• Monomers (Subunits): Nucleotides (consist of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base).
• Function(s): Store and transmit genetic information (DNA); protein synthesis (RNA).
• Elements: CHONP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus).

Answer:

Organic Molecule (Polymer)	Monomers (Subunits)	Function(s)	Elements (CHO, CHON, CHONP)
Lipids	Fatty acids, Glycerol (or none for all)	Energy storage; membrane structure; insulation; hormones	CHO (mostly)
Proteins	Amino acids	Enzymes; structure; transport; defense; regulation	CHON
Nucleic Acids	Nucleotides	Genetic storage/transmission; protein synthesis	CHONP